The Face Symbol: Research Issues and Cartographic Potential

نویسنده

  • Elisabeth S. Nelson
چکیده

The face symbol, developed by Herman Chernoff (1973), is possibly the seminal multivariate point symbol. Cartographically, the symbol has made an appearance several times, but it has often been criticized because designers tend to ignore two key symbol parameters: feature salience and natural correspondence. Feature salience is the concept of perceptually ordering facial features from those that produce the most noticeable changes to those that produce the least noticeable changes. Natural correspondence refers to designing face symbols so that the overall attitudinal labels of the symbols correspond to the overall physical meaning of the mapped data. It is argued here that feature salience and natural correspondence may be treated as special cases of visual attention in relation to symbol design. From this perspective, these symbols deserve a new look cartographically. This research reports on symbol variations, explores feature salience and natural correspondence, addresses user environments and tasks, and speculates on future experimental designs that may lead to more effective map use of this symbol. Résumé: Le symbole du visage, créé par Herman Chernoff (1973), est probablement le symbole à plusieurs variables fondamental. En cartographie, le symbole a fait plusieurs apparitions, mais il a souvent été critiqué parce que les concepteurs ont tendance à négliger deux paramètres clés: la prépondérance des caractéristiques et la correspondance naturelle. La prépondérance des caractéristiques signifie mettre en ordre les caractéristiques faciales perceptuelles, de celles qui produisent les changements les plus notables à celles qui produisent les changements les moins notables. La correspondance naturelle fait référence à la conception de symboles faciaux de manière à ce que les marques attitudinales générales des symboles correspondent à la signification physique générale des données cartographiées, Dans le présent article, on suppose que la prépondérance des caractéristiques et la correspondance naturelle peuvent être traitées comme des cas particuliers de l‘attention visuelle, pour ce qui est de la conception des symboles. De ce point de vue, les symboles méritent d‘être revus sur le plan cartographique. Dans l‘article, l‘auteur parle de la variation des symboles, de la prépondérance des caractéristiques et de la correspondance naturelle, des tâches et des cadres d‘utilisation, et des concepts expérimentaux qui pourraient engendrer un meilleur emploi des symboles cartographiques.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Cartographica

دوره 42  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2007